Located along Taiwan's southwestern coast in Budai Township, Chiayi County, Budai Port faces the Taiwan Strait to the west.  The port is positioned approximately 50 nautical miles south of Taichung Port, 30 nautical miles north of Anping Port, 50 nautical miles north of Kaohsiung Port, and about 40 nautical miles across the strait from Magong Port in Penghu, 32 nautical miles from Longmen in Penghu, and 130 nautical miles from Kinmen. 

Given its strategic location, Budai Port serves as a crucial maritime transportation hub connecting Taiwan's main island with the Penghu archipelago.